Posts Tagged ‘mf’

PaperCut Installation Demo

Written by rossm. Posted in M3i, PaperCut, selectec News

We recently tested a lot of screen capture software for the purpose of creating demos of PaperCut and our in house m3i solution. After a few weeks of trying the software options on the first page of Google search results we ended up purchasing Demo Builder. Below is our first attempt, so be nice!

The timing, colours and a few other bits ‘n’ bobs need to be worked on (must remember to turn off mouse clicks!) After creating one I think future videos may contain commentary rather than all the writing as I feel people go into more detail and offer little tips while speaking. It depends how bad our voices sound in the real world. I expect our next go (migrating from NG to MF) will be even more awesome.

If you do watch it I suggest going full screen and 720p - and grab a cuppa!

PaperCut Version 11.4 Build (14716)

Written by admin. Posted in PaperCut, PaperCut MF, PaperCut NG, selectec News

We don’t often post about new builds but the numbers 14716 have made everyone here at selectec HQ ecstatic.

We like to pester the developers with our demands and wishes for PaperCut and one of the little tweaks we have wanted for a while now finally crept out into a public build last night! Oh yes they have increased the default timeout of jobs in hold/release queues!
This could always be manually changed but the amount of emails we get from people wondering where their print jobs had gone was getting silly :) Also of interest in this build is support for a load of new Lexmark and Kyocera Mita machines.

Thank you PaperCut!

Existing customers contact your reseller for the download links.

Resellers / Dealers / Manufacturers use the reseller portal for the goodies.

New customers? Contact us for trial information.

Full release notes below.

25 August 2011 – PaperCut MF 11.4 (Build 14716)

Enhancements:

  • Based on a survey of our customer base we have increased the default timeout of jobs in hold/release queues. The default value differs between education and commercial/professional sites (2 hours for education, 4 hours for commercial/professional). The timeout is configurable but the default is a good compromise between user convenience and environmental savings. The new default only affects new installations.
  • The batch shared account import now supports adding and removing user and group access, in addition to replacing the access list.
  • Improved error reporting in the batch shared account import to always report the line numbers where errors occurred.
  • PaperCut will automatically detect and recover from Windows operating system print spooler crashes (often caused by problem printer drivers). This recovery process has been made faster to reduce system downtime after a print spooler crash.
  • Improved the reliability of determining the printer network addresses on Windows clusters. The IP address is used by the PaperCut application server to retrieve printer toner information via SNMP.
  • Added a new API for creating internally managed users.

Fixes:

  • Fixed a problem syncing a group with multiple Active Directory domains when the group exists on one domain and but not others.
  • Fixed issue with client pop-ups not appearing on some recent CUPS versions (Mac and Linux) using IPv6 addresses.
  • Upgrading PaperCut when using a Web Print sandbox system no longer requires restarting the Web Print GUI afterwards.
  • Fixed the column names in the “Printer groups – summary” report.
  • End-user web pages: Fixed the details hover-over text in the rates page when charging % extra for large pages.
  • Fixed issue disabling pay station devices from the admin interface.
  • Fixed detection of usernames when authenticating via the Novell client software and usernames contain a dot character.

Copier / Device Integration:

  • Kyocera Mita Onboard/Embedded (HyPAS):
    • Added support for smaller letter/A4 MFPs
    • Fixed error that would keep copies from being tracked on some newer firmware versions.
    • Fixed problems using the “Device Access” button to login as the device admin.
    • Fixed compatibility problem with newer firmware versions that would cause an “Expansion Authentication unavailable” error to be displayed.
  • Lexmark Onboard/Embedded (LeSF): Added support for new devices: X950, X952, X954, C950, X548, 6500e.
  • Sharp Onboard/Embedded (OSA):
    • Fixed a problem when using an external keyboard with both username/password and ID number authentication enabled where the text field needed to be selected twice before keyboard input would work.
    • Further improvements to prevent restricted users overrunning accounts after restarts.
  • Konica Minolta Onboard/Embedded (OpenAPI): Fixed problem that could prevent restricted users from copying while certain other jobs were in progress.

PaperCut – an “Outstanding Cost-Recovery Solution”

Written by scottm. Posted in PaperCut, PaperCut MF, PaperCut NG, selectec News

The experts over at Buyers Laboratory have announced that PaperCut MF V11.2 has been honoured with a Summer 2011 “Pick” award as “Outstanding Cost-Recovery Solution.” BLI’s prestigious “Pick” awards honour the top-performing solutions evaluated in BLI’s lab during the previous six months.Buyers Laboratory Inc. (BLI) is the world’s leading independent evaluator of document imaging hardware and software.

To read the full report a Buyers Laboratory subscription is required, you can sign up here.

This is a excerpt from the BLI website public news article:

With an increasing desire to reduce waste, recoup costs and provide improved print/copy job access and security, schools and businesses are in need of an accounting and cost recovery system that is easy to use, efficient, and affordable—and that can work in a heterogeneous computing environment. PaperCut MF is a cross-platform solution that facilitates accounting, billing, tracking and charging of copy, print and scan jobs through authentication cards or user login at the device. Those cross-platform abilities, along with the solution’s affordability and ease of use, helped PaperCut MV V11.2 earn a Summer 2011 “Pick” award as “Outstanding Cost-Recovery Solution” from the editors at BLI.

Read the full news item at the Buyers Laboratory website.

Of course here at selectec HQ we already know PaperCut is outstanding, which is probably why over 30,000 organisations use it to reduce their print costs and their environmental impact. The report is on v11.2 so we can’t wait for a review of 11.3 or even the soon to be released 11.4!

About Buyers Laboratory

Celebrating its 50th anniversary this year, Buyers Lab has been the leading independent office-equipment testing lab and business consumer advocate. In addition to publishing the industry’s most comprehensive and accurate test reports on office document imaging solutions (www.buyerslab.com/solutions) and devices (www.buyerslab.com), the company has been the leading source for extensive databases of specifications and pricing on solutions, copiers, printers, fax machines and multifunctional products. The company’s databases cover almost 15,000 products and have a long-standing reputation for being the industry’s most trustworthy and complete source for global competitive intelligence. They are available to BLI subscribers online via the company’s bliQ and bliQ Solutions Center competitive information services. These encyclopedic resources also provide quick and easy access to BLI’s First Look Reports, Field Test Reports, Lab Test Reports, Solutions Reports, and BLI-produced articles.

Twice a year with its “Pick” awards, BLI gives special recognition to the hardware and software products that provided the most outstanding performances in BLI’s unique evaluations. Software solutions undergo an in-depth hands-on review that focuses on key attributes for a solution’s target market and compares how well the product stacks up against leading competitors. “Pick” winners rise above the competition in key areas such as value, feature set, ease of use, ease of administration, hardware compatibility, software integration, security and support. Software solutions earn an overall rating based on a five-star scale, and “Pick” contenders are culled from those that earn the highest ratings. Consequently, a BLI “Pick” is a hard-earned award that buyers and IT directors can trust to better guide them in their acquisition decisions.

In addition to the testing of office equipment for its subscribers, Buyers Lab provides consulting services to buyers and a vast array of confidential for-hire private testing services that include document imaging device beta and pre-launch testing, performance certification testing, consumables testing (such as toner, ink and photoconductors), software and solutions and print media testing (including virgin and recycled papers).

For more information on Buyers Laboratory, please visit www.buyerslab.com or www.buyerslab.com/solutions, or e-mail info@buyerslab.com.

Any images and text are © 2011 Buyers Laboratory Inc. All rights reserved.

Chalk & Cheese

Written by paulw. Posted in PaperCut, PaperCut MF, PaperCut NG, selectec News

Top of our FAQ and a regular in our sales & support mailbox – How does PaperCut MF differ from PaperCut NG?

Good question, with a very simple answer. Both PaperCut MF and NG are very similar and at a technical level share the same code base. Side by side other than a different logo you won’t notice anything to differentiate the two products. The difference is that PaperCut MF has the ability to interface with hardware devices (e.g. MFPs) to deliver extra features. Examples of this integration include:

  • Embedded software that runs on the MFP to track and control access (e.g. copier use) at the device.
  • Integration with 3rd party copier hardware terminals and controllers for devices (MFDs and printers) that don’t yet support embedded or on-board solutions.
  • Network card readers to facilitate secure print release and find-me printing via card swipe at any print device.
  • Cash payment hardware – enabling users to reload their PaperCut MF user account in pay-per-print environments.
  • A few other complex integration areas which are too obscure to list here in an FAQ!

All other features, including general print tracking, print quotas, and rules based printing and driverless web print, etc. are identical on both PaperCut MF and PaperCut NG.

Spot the difference

FYI: http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/chalk-and-cheese.html

PaperCut Version 11.2

Written by rossm. Posted in PaperCut, PaperCut MF, PaperCut NG, selectec News

With around 20 changes to embedded software and loads of core software enhancements, fixes and updates 11.2 has something for everyone.  The most notable new enhancement released within 11.2 is the ability to now output details of a user’s department and office history.  E.g. If a user switches department midway through a month, print audit reports showing activity by department will now account for their activity in the old department for the first half of the month and the new department for the second half. The biggest change on the embedded side of things is a revamped interface for Sharp OSA devices and you can expect plenty of new features in the upcoming months to take advantage of OSAv4.

Release Notes

11 April 2011 – PaperCut MF 11.2 (Build 13713)

This release contains a database upgrade and administrators should factor this into their upgrade plan.

New features:

  • PaperCut now maintains a historical record of users’ department and office fields. E.g. If a user switches department midway through a month, reports showing activity by department will now account for their activity in the old department for the first half of the month and the new department for the second half. It’s also possible to retrospectively edit this history and have it immediately affect reports.

Enhancements:

  • Compatibility improvements for Internet Explorer 9 (IE9).
  • Significantly optimized PaperCut’s start-up process to reduce database load on systems with many attached devices.
  • Printing summary reports (e.g. Group printing – summary) now all include a breakdown of color and grayscale pages (rather than needing to run a job type summary report to see this detail).
  • You can now quickly produce a device list report via Export/Print report links under the Device list table.
  • An Application Log (App Log) audit message is now written when an admin manually expires a pre-paid top-up card.
  • The web based release station’s automatic refresh time is now configurable.
  • Improved the error messages displayed when PaperCut attempts to connect to an external database that is currently offline or down.
  • Release station: improved date presentation for jobs submitted in the same day (e.g. “11:04″ instead of “Apr 12, 11:04″).
  • Added various new Web Services APIs:
    • add/remove a printer access group
    • check if a user group exists
    • remove a user group
    • list all printers
    • list all groups
    • add/remove an administrator access user/group
  • New print script API to find all printer groups that the current job’s printer is a member of.
  • Improved default parameters used when performing printer load balancing. This reduces the likelihood that large jobs cause a printer to be underutilized.

Security:

  • Browser session cookies are now stored as “HttpOnly“. This is in line with current best practice and helps mitigate impact if an XSS attack was discovered.

Fixes:

  • Fixed some memory related issues seen on some 64-bit systems.
  • Improved reliability when database connection problems occur during server start-up.
  • Fixed a problem where CSV/Excel scheduled reports created prior to version 10.7 could run over the same report period each time (e.g. always the week in which the report was created, rather than every new week).
  • Find-me printing: when a user attempts to release a print job at a release station but all target print queues are in error or disabled, an error message is displayed and the job stays held. Previously the job would be cancelled.
  • Fixed a problem where scheduled reports do not run when daylight savings time starts in the UK (or other regions where DST starts at 1am). The default scheduled report time has now been changed to 12:55am from 1:15am to prevent this happening in the future.
  • Windows clusters: fixed a problem that could cause Find-Me print jobs from printing if the print provider service failed over while they were awaiting release.
  • Fixed issue that prevented filtering an ad hoc report on a department or office that contained commas.
  • Improved clean-up/deletion of temporary files created when very large reports are created.
  • Fixed issue when running on SQL Server where the same data could appear on multiple pages of tables.
  • Fixed a problem when using Web Print to charge a print job to a shared account when the user has the “Charge personal account (and allocate to shared account for reporting)” option enabled. This could cause the job not to be logged by PaperCut.
  • When running on some external databases the “average pages per job” values in reports could have been inaccurate. This has been corrected.
  • Period comparison reports previously excluded activity occurring on each period’s end date. These reports now include activity from those dates.
  • Fixed sorting of some logs reports such as “Group printing – logs” when running on an external database.

Printer compatibility improvements:

  • Added grayscale detection support for Xerox Colour Press 700 PS.
  • Added support for HP Printer Drivers v2.6 on Mac OS 10.6.
  • Added support for Dell 2150cdn.
  • Improved page count detection on the Epson 4880.

Copier / Device Integration:

  • HP Onboard/Embedded (Chai SOE DSE):
    • Improved compatibility with devices running recent HP firmware versions.
    • Improved reliability of devices to workaround an HP firmware memory leak that can result in device “Error 49″ failures.
    • Disable all access to the device if the user has no available credit.
  • Konica Minolta Onboard/Embedded (OpenAPI):
    • Fixed issue where devices may not have functioned if the server was under very heavy load during startup.
    • A new improved tracking method reduces the possibility of users printing more pages than they have credit for.
  • Kyocera Mita Onboard/Embedded (HyPAS):
    • Added support for non-ASCII characters (such as the pound and euro symbols).
    • Added Chinese (simplified and traditional) translations.
  • Lexmark Onboard/Embedded (LeSF):
    • Added support for new devices: C792, X792, C925, X925.
    • Fixed display of Chinese (simplified) text.
  • Ricoh Onboard/Embedded (ESA):
    • The PaperCut onboard/embedded application for Ricoh ESA has now been certified under Ricoh’s new global certification process, confirming that the application runs on Ricoh devices in any region globally.
    • Improved responsiveness and reliability under slow network conditions.
  • Sharp Onboard/Embedded (OSA):
    • Added Print All button to the print release function, providing the user an option to easily release all jobs or choose which jobs to release.
    • Added HTTPS connection support for secure transmission of information between Sharp MFPs and PaperCut.
  • Sharp Onboard/Embedded (OSA 3+ with 7″ screen): a brand new interface is available that takes advantage of new functionality made possible by Sharp OSA 3 and OSA 4 devices:
    • New improved user interface that takes advantage of the Sharp embedded web browser (HTML). New features included improved look-n-feel, color appearance and much better usability.
    • Card based authentication now just fully automatic (just swipe card to log in).
    • Simplified on-screen workflow.
  • Toshiba Onboard/Embedded: When using shared account based charging the wording that describes which account will be charged has been clarified.
  • VCC: The cost setting precision is now updated during initialization (e.g. after power cycle or network connection). Previously this setting may not have taken affect until after the application server was restarted.
  • Xerox Onboard/Embedded (Network Accounting / JBA): Fixed a problem that could allow user to charge to their personal account when they were configured to only charge to shared accounts.
  • Xerox Onboard/Embedded (Xerox Secure Access):
    • Improved single sign-on capabilities: when a user authenticates using their username and password the user’s credentials are now made available to the device so that “Scan to home” and other workflows can funcion without requiring re-authentication.
    • Fixed a problem that could cause network card readers to contintue to run even after “Swipe Card” authentication was disabled.

PaperCut Version 10.6 Released

Written by paulw. Posted in PaperCut, PaperCut ChargeBack, PaperCut MF, PaperCut NG, selectec News

Good news everyone PaperCut 10.6 is now available for download.

This new version has nearly 30 enhancements/fixes to keep PaperCut running smoothly as well as two completely new features a lot of sites will find useful.

The first of the new features is a default shared account may now be configured per-user. This represents the user’s most commonly used account, and can be useful for users who mostly charge to the same account, but occasionally need access to others. The default shared account is automatically selected for the user when they print. This will also save time on the various embedded solutions.

A user's default shared account is automatically selected

The second feature added to 10.6 is for organizations with more than one user directory (e.g. a new Microsoft Active Directory and a legacy LDAP server with users that have not been migrated) can now synchronize, import and authenticate against both at the same time.

Secondary user directory

Also included in the release are a host of printer compatibility improvements and for those of you using PaperCut MF you will find various tweaks to Ricoh, Lexmark, Sharp and Toshiba embedded options.

What are you waiting for? Grab the download and update.

Please note:
PaperCut MF users – If you are an existing customer looking to upgrade your current install of PaperCut MF, then please contact us.
Resellers please use the dedicated reseller portal provided.

Go Compare!

Written by rossm. Posted in PaperCut, PaperCut MF, selectec News

One of the most popular questions via our website or over the phone seems to be: What is the difference between PaperCut NG and MF?

 As you probably know PaperCut NG gives you these key features:

  • Control student print quota, or charge for printing.
  • Track and budget staff printing by faculty or department.
  • Simple installation – starts working immediately.
  • Directory integration with automatic user account creation.
  • Simple web-based administration for office staff.
  • Automatic scheduling of credit/quotas.
  • Solutions for managing wireless laptop printing.
  • Runs on Windows, Mac, Linux and Novell, making PaperCut the most flexible and integrated management solution available.

Of course PaperCut MF has all of the above features as well, so what exactly is the difference? In truth, the answer is ‘very little’. Apart from a change of logo and a few extra tabs, regular PaperCut users wouldn’t notice much difference – that is until you throw a photocopier into the mix. PaperCut MF is designed to capture “off the glass” walk-up copying. It can achieve this using two methods:

       1. Modern embedded applications that run directly on a multifunctional device, enabling single sign-on using existing domain infrastructure.

       2. Direct TCP/IP network connection with selected 3rd party hardware terminals.

Both options allow user authentication and access via various login methods including user name and password, PIN codes,  as well as common card formats including: magnetic stripe (“swipe”); barcode; proximity.

Basically, if a customer is only ever going to want/need to monitor and/or control printing, then NG is the ideal solution. However, if now or in the future a customer is looking to monitor and/or control printing and copying (and, increasingly, scanning and faxing), then MF is the right option. Currently, we have a lot of sites planning for the future, so MF has been installed and is being used solely for monitoring printers, until the time comes to implement copier control and monitoring.

PaperCut MF is a complete integrated copy and print solution that you can manage from within a single mature application. We can offer a 40-day trial of PaperCut MF to any interested parties, but we suggest you contact us with your requirements first.

PaperCut Features

PaperCut NG

PaperCut MF

Set print quotas on individuals, groups or across departments

Automated Quota Allocation System

 

Track and charge walk-up / off-the-glass copier usage, just like for printers

Simple installation – starts working immediately

Directory integration with automatic user account creation

Clustered  Server Support to Increase efficiency and distribute wear and tear

Scalability up to 100,000+ Users

External Database Support

Reasonable licensing that doesn’t dictate your IT infrastructure

 

Multiple print server support as standard

Runs on Windows, Mac, Linux, Novell and mixed environments

 

Print Job Filtering and Restrictions

Support for Hardware-Based Copier Terminals

 

Support for Copy Control via Embedded MFD Software

Hundreds of report combinations to view, export as file or deliver via email

Monitor locally attached printers

Error notifications when printers are in error

Charge copying to accounts that can be shared by multiple users

Secure print release via PC-based print release stations

Secure print release via card reader using fast release terminal

Secure print release via staff and end-user web interfaces

Secure print release via hardware terminals

 

Secure print release via embedded MFD software

Monitor faxing and scanning on supported hardware

Web-based staff print release

Find Me Printing (pull printing)

Advanced business reporting

Add credit to user’s accounts via admin web interface

Support for cash value loaders

Support for web based credit card payments

Real-time environmental Impact statistics

Manage wireless and unauthenticated printing from user-owned devices

Administer the system straight from your web browser anywhere on the network

Bill back printing costs to clients

TopUp/PrePaid Cards – ideal for student payment management

Open architecture – full documentation and APIs provided to all customers

PaperCut MF 9.8 (Build 9360)

Written by admin. Posted in PaperCut, PaperCut MF, selectec News

23 December 2009 – PaperCut MF 9.8 (Build 9360)

This is a bugfix release for PaperCut MF 9.8, and contains the following changes:  

Enhancements:  

  • New option to alert users by email when their refund requests are processed.

Fixes:  

  • The advanced client now uses a case-insensitive sort to improve the ordering of accounts that contain a mix of uppercase and lowercase characters.
  • Improved web service proxy code and examples on how to use the PaperCut XML Web Services API.
  • Fixed regression that caused slow analysis of PostScript spool files when using page-level color detection.

 

22 December 2009 – PaperCut MF 9.8 (Build 9347)

This release includes improvements for print servers running CUPS 1.4, such as Mac OS 10.6 and recent Linux distributions. Customers with such print servers should update to this version when possible.  

Enhancements:  

  • Improved low toner notifications to clearly separate which printers are newly low in toner and those that have been notified previously. Also added a new option to only send the low toner notification email when there is at least one new printer that is newly low on toner.
  • User client: new option default-account-pin to specify a default PIN/code to be pre-entered on the account selection pop-up.
  • Improved user manual documentation for configuring Web Print in sandbox mode.
  • Improved credit/balance display on devices when using a custom number of decimal places or unusual currency formats.

Fixes:  

  • Improved support for print servers running CUPS 1.4, such as Mac OS 10.6 and recent Linux distributions.
  • Fixed PAM configuration issue that may have prevented Unix Standard authentication working on Mac OS 10.6.
  • Improved stability of print provider when analysing very large Canon spool files.
  • Fixed error running the Printer Environmental Impact report.
  • Fixed problem when displaying the pending printer refunds which could cause the paging controls to not work as expected. E.g. the paging controls may not appear even though there was more than a page of refund requests.
  • Fixed display problems with Simplified Chinese text in the Windows installer.
  • Fixed a problem that could stop the user client from closing when the Exit menu was selected.

Printer compatibility improvements:  

  • Improved page-level color detection with the “HP Universal” PostScript driver.
  • Improve detection of blank last pages in duplex mode on the HP LaserJet 4000 series using a PCL6 driver.
  • Improved page size detection on the Konica Minolta C552 using the Visual Postscript driver.
  • Improved support for the UFR2 driver on the Canon MF4000 and related printers.
  • Copier / Device Integration:  

  • Boscop Virtual Cash Controller Alpha: Work around a limitation of the VCC Alpha print release feature which only allows 60 jobs to be displayed. We now display the 60 most recent jobs.
  • Boscop Virtual Cash Controller: Fixed a problem that can occur when using VCC devices and running PaperCut on an Oracle database.
  • Lexmark LeSF:
    • Added support for the touch screen printer model T656dne.
    • Added support for X46x series devices.
    • New interface translations for Russian and Spanish.
    • Login screens now time out if left unattended at any stage.
    • Fixed issue where copy jobs with multiple copies off the ADF were limited in some cases.
    • Added support for devices without hard disks.
    • Devices with hard disks can now choose to complete scanning before printing or start printing right away.
  • Sharp OSA:
    • Fixed issue introduced in previous version that prevented logging into the device.
    • Added option to skip the start/welcome screen.
  • PaperCut & Paxton Access Ltd

    Written by admin. Posted in PaperCut, PaperCut MF, selectec News

    A few weeks ago one of our PaperCut reseller buddies came to us with a problem and (insert sound of own trumpet being blown) we delivered a solution.

    Problem?whitepapercut

    A few of the schools this reseller provides services to wished to monitor prints and copies on Ricoh machines. They wanted staff and students to be issued with wireless contact cards and for users to walk up to the copiers “swipe” the card and be presented with two options: 1) release any prints sent to the device by the user; 2) start photocopying and have everything be charged to a central store.

    PaperCut MF and Ricoh Embedded were chosen and everything should have worked fine apart from one small issue. The cards they had issued staff/students with were “Paxton cards” from the Net2 Access system.

    paxtonAnswer?

    The first task was to find a reader that could read something unique off each card.
    Second task was to get this mystery reader working with a photocopier (something of a black art)

    I will skip all the boring bits but after a few weeks of hard work, tweaking, cursing and generally finding the rest of the world useless we now have a system in place for this to work perfectly. At the same time we learned a lot about card readers on the Ricoh platform and we are fairly confident we can now get any card reader working.

    So if you are using Paxton HiTag2 class cards and want to start using PaperCut MF give us a call and we will make your day.

    Clever stuff, huh?

    Distributor For PaperCut MF

    Written by admin. Posted in PaperCut, PaperCut MF, selectec News

    product-logo

     

    PaperCut MF – Copy and print control
    PaperCut MF extends the print, capture, billing and charge capabilities of PaperCut, enabling organizations of any size to manage all copying and printing produced across their entire multifunctional copier and printer fleets using a single low cost software application.whitepapercut

    To capture “off the glass” walk-up copying, PaperCut MF supports:

    •direct TCP/IP network connection with selected 3rd party hardware terminals, enabling user authentication and access via common card formats including: magnetic stripe (“swipe”) cards, proximity cards, barcode cards and smart cards.
    •embedded applications that run directly on a multifunctional device, enabling single sign-on using existing domain infrastructure (on selected devices).
    Customers also have the option to implement a complete integrated copy and print solution and manage it from within a single mature application.